{"id":4352,"date":"2026-07-28T18:46:27","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T15:16:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raffstudio.ir\/?p=4352"},"modified":"2026-10-13T19:18:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T15:48:20","slug":"wood-structure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raffstudio.ir\/en\/2026\/07\/28\/wood-structure\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u0628\u061b \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 (\u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc) \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u0648\u0628<\/strong> \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645: \u00a0\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc<\/strong> (\u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645) \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc<\/strong> (\u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc (\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc (\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u06cc) \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632:<\/p>

[\u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc] -> [\u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc\/\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0626\u0645] -> [\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0645] -> [\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646] -> [\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646] -> [\u0645\u063a\u0632]<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u06f1. \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc (Bark & Phloem)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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  • \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc<\/strong> (Outer Bark):<\/strong> \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>
  • \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0626\u0645<\/strong> (Inner Bark \/ Phloem):<\/strong> \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u0642\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \u06f2. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0645 (Cambium)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u061b \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0628 (\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u0644\u0645) \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u06f3. \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 (Sapwood)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u00a0\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u06f4. \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Heartwood)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0645\u063a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0646\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0646) \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u00ab\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u00bb \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u200c\u0648\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    \u06f5. \u0645\u063a\u0632 \u0686\u0648\u0628 (Pith)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t

    \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
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      \n \t
    • \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f<\/strong> (Annual Rings):<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647- <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Earlywood<\/strong>\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.) \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f (\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/strong> -<\/strong> Latewood<\/strong> \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.) \u062a\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n \t
    • \u067e\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/strong> (Medullary Rays):<\/strong> \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u06cc \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0637 (\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0645\u06af\u0633) \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0642\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0628<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
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      \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0632 (<\/strong>\u06f4\u06f0<\/strong> \u062a\u0627 <\/strong>\u06f5\u06f0<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f<\/strong>)<\/strong>\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0632 (<\/strong>\u06f2\u06f0<\/strong> \u062a\u0627 \u00a0<\/strong>\u06f3\u06f0 <\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f<\/strong>)<\/strong> \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u06cc\u0646 (<\/strong>\u06f2\u06f0<\/strong> \u062a\u0627 <\/strong>\u06f3\u06f0<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f<\/strong>)<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>

      \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
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      \u0627\u0644\u0641) \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 (\u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0686\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u2013 Softwoods)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
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      \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u062f) \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n

        \n \t
      • \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/strong> (Tracheids):<\/strong> \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f9\u06f0 \u062a\u0627 \u06f9\u06f5 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n \t
      • \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0635\u0645\u063a\u06cc<\/strong> (Resin Canals):<\/strong> \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0635\u0645\u063a\/\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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        \u0628) \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0647\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 (\u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0686\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 - Hardwoods)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t

        \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0647\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627) \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>

        • \u0622\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> (Vessels \/ Pores):<\/strong> \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0647\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u00bb (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0637) \u0648 \u00ab\u067e\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u00bb (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>
        • \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong> (Fibers):<\/strong> \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li>
        • \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0645<\/strong> (Parenchyma):<\/strong> \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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          \n\t\t\t\t
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          \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u06cc\/\u062d\u062c\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06cc<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u061b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0634\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0632\u062f\u0646 (\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f).<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          \u067e\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u06af\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0637).<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

          \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

          \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0648 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0622\u0646 (\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0648 \u062e\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc) \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          \n\t\t\t\t
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          • Core, H. A., C\u00f4t\u00e9, W. A., & Day, A. C. (1979).<\/strong> Wood Structure and Identification<\/em>. Syracuse University Press.<\/li>
          • Hoadley, R. B. (2000).<\/strong> Understanding Wood: A Craftsman\u2019s Guide to Wood Technology<\/em>. Taunton Press.<\/li>
          • IAWA Committee (1989).<\/strong> IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification<\/em>. IAWA Bulletin.<\/li>
          • Panshin, A. J., & de Zeeuw, C. (1980).<\/strong> Textbook of Wood Technology: Structure, Identification, Properties, and Uses of the Commercial Woods of the United States and Canada<\/em>. McGraw-Hill.<\/li>
          • Wiemann, M. C. (2010).<\/strong> Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Woods<\/em>. Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, USDA Forest Service.<\/li>
          • \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f7\u06f2<\/strong>) <\/strong>\u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0628<\/em>. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>
          • \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0622 <\/strong>(<\/strong>1396<\/strong>) <\/strong>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0686\u0648\u0628<\/em>. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u0628\u061b \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc   \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 (\u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c 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